Biting insects in the Arctic and sub-Arctic.

THE difficulties of living in the Arctic in the winter are matters of general knowledge. It is perhaps not so well known that th~reare quite different and very acute problems during the summer season. The most serious from the medical aspect is attack by biting insects-mainly mosquitoes and blackflies. Th~ degree of this menace is difficult to imagine, unless one has experienced it personally. Mosquitoes have be;en termed the most serious single obsta'c1e in the way of man's subjugation of the north, :;md it has even been asserted that there are probably ten times as many mosquitoes in the Arctic as there 'are over any equivalent area in the tropics, or any other place on earth. Whether this is the case or not, they certainly present a serious problem, and one which is essentially similar in northern latitudes in the New and in the Old World: